This study aims to explain the historical-conceptual mechanism through which modernity is formed and transmitted in Abdallah Laroui's thought and to clarify the relationship between historicism, ideological critique, and its conceptual translation in the Arab context. To this end, the study asks how a concept formed within a particular historical context, when transferred to a different context, moves beyond the level of lexical transfer and is reformulated in terms of meaning, temporality, and conceptual relations. Adopting a qualitative, interpretive, and historical-conceptual approach and employing intratextual, extratextual, and intertextual analysis, the study examines three principal works by Laroui al-Ideology al-'Arabiyya al-Mu'asira, Mujmal Tarikh al-Maghrib, and Mafhum al-Tarikh as its primary analytical corpus. The findings show that modernity in Laroui's intellectual project cannot be regarded as a fixed model independent of history; rather, its intelligibility depends on the historical conditions of production, temporal structures, the historical position of reception, and the surrounding network of concepts. Historicism, by historicizing the concept, creates the possibility of criticizing the universalization of a particular historical experience, while ideological critique reveals processes of decontextualization, naturalization, and abstraction of the concept. The study's innovation lies in introducing an analytical distinction between “conceptual translation” and “conceptual reconstruction”: conceptual translation refers to a change in the meaning and function of a concept in a new context, whereas conceptual reconstruction refers to its simultaneous reconfiguration in relation to history, temporality, conceptual relations, and the conditions of the destination context. From this perspective, the article offers a relational and nonlinear framework for understanding the circulation of modernity that moves beyond simple Western/Eastern and tradition/modernity dichotomies.